Kusumba Mosque is one of the intriguing structures, also known as the Black Gem of Bengal. It is found in the countryside of Kusumba, within the Manda Upazila of Naogaon district, Bangladesh. In the same context, this mosque can be termed a fine example of Islamic art and also a component of the culture of the people of Bengal, which narrates the story of the cultural background and artistic skills possessed by the people of the area.
Historical Background of Kusumba Mosque
The mosque was built during the period of Ghiyas-ud-din Bahadur Shah, who is considered one of the last kings of the Suri dynasty, circa 966 Hijri (1558-1559 AD). One of the primary builders of the mosque, Sulaiman, was an influential figure of the time. Historiography indicates that the construction of the mosque took advantage of the ruins of the nearby Hindu shrines or temples, integrating two cultures in one context. It is also a testament to the long history and cultural significance of the mosque as its inscription tablet is mounted on a wall adjacent to the eastern entrance of the mosque.
Architectural Features
The Kusumba Mosque, a rare gem, showcases the unique Bengal mode of architecture, distinct from the Suri architecture of the North Indian style. The main material of the mosque is brick, with grey stones used for the outer surface and some interior elements. This combination creates a mesmerizing effect, especially when viewed from a distance, where the stone nullifies contrast with the structure itself, giving it a mysterious black appearance. The architectural complexity of the mosque is truly fascinating and worth exploring.
It measures about 58 in length and 42 feet in width, with walls that are seemingly mammoth at 6 feet. It has six domes and is located inside a walled enclosure that contains a monumental arch, which boosts its aesthetic appeal. The interior space is made up of three bays and two side aisles. Although there are many entrances to the structure, they are great in number to take the worshippers inside the space.
It is considered one of the most breathtaking sights of Kusumba Mosque, which is its mihrab, or prayer niche. In Islamic architecture, the mihrab is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca towards which Muslims pray. These mihrabs are extremely artistic and are decorated with beautifully crafted relief work. These carvings include motifs such as kalasas (water pots) and flowers, which are often seen in the Bengali style of mosque architecture.
Cultural Significance
Beyond its architectural beauty, the Kusumba Mosque holds significant cultural values. It served as a meeting and administrative place during its peak, reflecting the role of mosques in the western parts of Bengal during the medieval periods. The mosque was not just a place of worship, but also a hub for public mobilization and local governance. This rich cultural history adds a layer of appreciation and connection for visitors.
Some legends make this mosque even more interesting. One such legend claims that the angels built the mosque and the pond next to it in one night, implying the high respect this place commands from the people around. Another legend suggests that the mosque was built by a local ruler in a single night to fulfil a vow he had made. Such stories serve to enhance the mystique of the mosque and provide context for the tourists keen to experience both the physical and the narrative splendour of the mosque.
Preservation Efforts
Currently, the Kusumba Mosque is under the guardianship of the Archaeology division of the Bangladesh Government, ensuring its preservation for future generations. Despite being slightly damaged by an earthquake in Nepal in 1897, the subsequent restoration efforts have successfully preserved the mosque's architecture and overall appearance. This commitment to preservation instils confidence in the mosque's continued existence.
Bangladesh also issued its Taka Note of 5 with the image of the mosque on it, strengthening its position as a national emblem. The mosque has a historical background and perspective, so people go there to appreciate its architecture and historical place throughout the year.
To sum up, the Kusumba Mosque is among the rich monuments in the architecture and culture of Bengal. The distinct features of its architecture, historical events, and continued existence all unite to make the mosque a focus of interest among the local population and tourists. In this manner, as we visit such historical places, we increase our admiration for the multicentric world in which we live.
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