The architectural gem hidden in the Chapai Nawabganj district of Bangladesh, Choto Sona Masjid, was constructed in the late 15th century. The heritage site stands as a testament to the Bengal Sultanate.
Although the golden embellishments on the roof have faded over time, the mosque remains a remarkable piece of history.
Historical Background of Choto Sona Masjid
The Choto Sona Masjid was built between 1493 and 1519 by Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah, who ruled the Bengal Sultanate approximately at the same time.
Not so much has remained from that period because everything had to be reconstructed several times due to the heavy rainfalls, storms, and other natural disasters.
However, like other buildings from that period, the Small Golden Mosque earned its name because its walls were once covered in gilded domes. This made the mosque shine in the light and visible from a distance before it was built with bricks.
Architecture
The architectural structure of Choto Sona Masjid is in line with the building technology of the Sultanate. The mosque is rectangular and made of bricks. The building has several entrances, each protected from the sir of the prayer hall by a triangular facade.
Moreover, the outward walls of the mosque are lavishly decorated with terracotta plates as they have been used for a long time by people, and later, many of them put them up for their recollection. The inner hall of prayer of the Small Golden Mosque is divided into three aisles by pairs of stone columns.
Besides, the central aisle is wider and higher than the columns from the sides, which creates a vision of a more significant space. The ceiling is in the form of five domes, the central one being the highest and the most important. Initially, these two parts also were gilded, but then they faded.
Artistic elements
The decorative elements of the Choto Sona Mosque contribute more to the overall aesthetic appeal than simply being decorative. The terracotta on the mosque's exterior walls showcases a variety of figurative artwork that changes with the light throughout the day. This terracotta work, featuring flowers, rosettes, and arabesque motifs, challenges the traditional approach of engineers and architects.
Additionally, the intricate patterns influence the distribution of light, enhancing the visual and tactile appeal while showcasing the architectural features. The mihrab, a significant artistic component of the mosque, boasts exquisite stone floral work and serves as a focal point for both light and visual interest.
The arch reaches up to the roof, dividing the apse from the rest of the room, and is intricately integrated into the wall design. To complete the entire ambiance, the mosque hall is adorned with handmade rugs, showcasing the local use of materials.
Cultural Importance
The Choto Sona Masjid has a unique cultural significance. In addition to being a place for locals to gather for prayer, it also houses schools and a covered bazaar, providing opportunities for education and commerce. Despite being one of the oldest structures in the area, it still captivates visitors with its graceful architecture.
Like many mosques, it features a wide porch or courtyard, which is advantageous as worshippers can face any of the four directions.
Conservation
In order to preserve the Choto Sona Masjid for future generations, several efforts were undertaken. These included repairs to support and clean the walls, façade, and roof of the mosque. The terracotta was carefully cleaned and coated with a special substance to protect it from the weather. Additionally, extensive work was done to reinforce the mosque's basement
and prevent further slipping.
Conclusion
The Choto Sona Masjid in Chapai Nawabganj symbolizes Bangladesh's rich culture and architectural legacy. It is a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts. However, substantial work is needed to preserve it for future generations.
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